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In response, France, Britain and Spain sent naval forces to Veracruz to demand reimbursement. On July 17, 1861, Mexican President Benito Juárez issued a moratorium in which all foreign debt payments would be suspended for two years.
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These wars nearly bankrupted the Mexican Treasury. The Reform War was a civil war that pitted Liberals (who believed in separation of church and state and freedom of religion) against Conservatives (who favored a tight bond between the Catholic Church and the Mexican state). Cinco de Mayo has been referenced and featured in entertainment media, and has become an increasingly global celebration of Mexican culture, cuisine, and heritage.Īnonymous painting depicting the Battle of Puebla in 1862, located at the Museo Nacional de las Intervenciones.Ĭinco de Mayo has its roots in the Second French intervention in Mexico, which took place in the aftermath of the 1846–48 Mexican–American War and the 1858–61 Reform War. The city of Puebla marks the event with various festivals and reenactments of the battle.Ĭinco de Mayo is sometimes mistaken for Mexico's Independence Day-the most important national holiday in Mexico-which is celebrated on September 16, commemorating the Cry of Dolores in 1810, which initiated the war of Mexican independence from Spain. In Mexico, the commemoration of the battle continues to be mostly ceremonial, such as through military parades or battle reenactments. The day gained nationwide popularity beyond those of Mexican-American heritage in the 1980s due to advertising campaigns by beer, wine, and tequila companies today, Cinco de Mayo generates beer sales on par with the Super Bowl. Celebrations began in California, where they have been observed annually since 1863. More popular in the United States than Mexico, Cinco de Mayo has become associated with the celebration of Mexican-American culture. Zaragoza died months after the battle from an illness, and a larger French force ultimately defeated the Mexican army at the Second Battle of Puebla and occupied Mexico City. The victory of a smaller, poorly equipped Mexican force against the larger and better-armed French army was a morale boost for the Mexicans. Parades, food, music, folkloric dancing, battle reenactmentsĬinco de Mayo ( pronounced in Mexico, Spanish for "Fifth of May") is a yearly celebration held on May 5, which commemorates the anniversary of Mexico's victory over the French Empire at the Battle of Puebla in 1862, led by General Ignacio Zaragoza. Mexicans, Mexican Americans, and people of non-Mexican heritageĬelebration of the Mexican victory over French forces at the Battle of Puebla, on May 5, 1862